Task 9

1. Mainstream - The ideas, attitudes, or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional.

2. Independent - An independent film is a film production resulting in a feature film that is produced mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies.

3. Production - The action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.

4. Distribution - The action of sharing something out among a number of recipients.

5. Marketing - The action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising.

6. Exchange - An act of giving one thing and receiving another.

7.  Multinational Conglomerate - A conglomerate is a combination of two or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses that fall under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries. Often a conglomerate is a multi-industry company.

8. Monopoly - The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.

9. Oligopoly - A state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.

10. The Big Six:

• Sony
• Warner Bros
• 20th Century Fox
• Paramount
• Disney
• Universal

11. Horizontal Integration - Is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain.

12. Vertical Integration - The combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate firms.

13. Synergy - The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

14. Merchandising - Branded products used to promote a film, pop group etc.

15. Ultra Violet -Ultra Violet is a cloud-based digital rights locker for movies and television shows that allows consumers to store proofs-of purchase.

16. Above the line - Advertising in the mass media

17. Below the line - Advertising by means such as direct mail, email, promotional events etc.

18. Technological Convergence - Is the tendency that as technology changes, different technological systems sometimes evolve towards performing similar tasks.

19. Consumption - The consumption of entertainment includes buying things such as food, drink, tickets, dvds etc.

20. Exhibition - How a film is shown to the public.

21. Piracy - The unauthorised use of reproduction of another's work.

22. Hollywood Franchchise 4S model - synergy, spectacle, sexualisation, story

23. Tie-In - When one company helps another.